Our Nature

Biodiversity is generally defined as the variety of life forms in a particular area, including the different plants, animals, micro-organisms, and the ecosystems they are a part of.

The ecosystems in our city include an array of environments, from suburban gardens to natural shrubland, dunes, and, of course, the sea.

The trees and plants around our city are quite different from those before European settlement. The dunes would have been much larger, both taller and spread more inland; the estuaries played host to bull rushes, reeds, and swamp paperbarks; and in the woodlands, various eucalypti, tea-trees, acacias, and sheoaks with a diverse understorey. Today, many of our public gardens and parklands include introduced species. However, we remain committed to improving biodiversity in the natural and built environments, which will benefit the community and future generations.

Managing our biodiversity includes targeting and eradicating high-priority weeds, reintroducing rare and threatened species, and managing threats to these ecosystems. We encourage our community to connect with nature for multiple benefits, so we provide amenities such as benches and pathways.

More Information

If you are planting a water-wise, wildlife-friendly garden and looking to use local native plants, please see our green living page. If you'd like to plant up your verge with native plants, we provide a suitable list of species on our verge page, along with our Verge Management Policy and Verge Application Form, which you must submit before planting.

Four designated natural areas exist in our city, each with its own history and ecology. However, they share the common purpose of preserving the natural environment as much as possible.

• Barton Gully is at our most southern boundary and is centred around a gully that carries stormwater out to the sea. The upper section opens into grasslands, while the lower section becomes steep and narrow. It has a small, unique remnant section.
• Gilbertson Gully is our largest natural open space (>3 Ha), also near our southern border. It follows an ancient seasonal watercourse through a residential area and has at least one small, unique remnant section.
• Kingston Park Cliff Face marks the point where the foothills meet the sea. It is our highest biodiversity site, with more than 90 native plant species, and is significant in being the only coastal cliff remnant within 15 km of the CBD. At the southern base of the cliff face is the Tjilbruke Spring, a 25-square-metre shallow marsh fed by underground seepage that discharges there and drains into the sea.
• Pine Gully adjoins the Kingston Park Cliff Face and forms part of a steeply sloped gorge. Due to its terrain, only a small section of the reserve is currently accessible. It has been highly modified and is dominated by Aleppo pines.